What is PPP resistance ?

How is it selected? How is it measured? What are the different types of resistances? What are the practical consequences?

A treatment failure is not necessarily the consequence of PPP resistance

Pest populations consist of different individuals who are not displaying identical sensitivity levels to PPPs

Biological assays, cross-resistance and multiple resistance, pleiotropic effect and fitness cost of resistance

Three main categories of assays are used to identify resistance to PPPs

A wide variety of resistance mechanisms to PPPs exists

What are the possible strategies to limit PPP resistance phenomenon in the field?